Behind the State Archives - Page 2 of 3

Reviewing the Process for Voters Registration

With Nigeria’s general elections just two years away, the country’s electoral commission, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has started preparations. In less than 48 hours after the resumption of online Continuous Voter Registration (CVR), the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) disclosed that it has received 92,845 online applications nationwide. Further, they added that of the 92,845 applications received, 63,437 were for new voter pre-registration, while 997 of the applications were requests for uncollected Permanent Voter Cards (PVCs).

This record is significant because the number of voters’ turnout in any election is determined by the number of registered voters. Indeed, statistics show that the voter turnout for Nigerian presidential elections has been dropping since 2003.

While the result recorded thus far is significant, State Craft Inc. presents key recommendations to accelerate the numbers:

Voters Education

Another important insight we see from the figures presented above is that on one hand, although voters registration influences voters’ participation yet on the other hand, the number of registered voters does not always equal the number of voters that participate in elections. Citizens, since they occupy the highest office of the land, need to be educated on the power of their office and most especially the need for them to ensure that they exercise their civic rights to the fullest.

USSD Feature

Implementing a process which requires access to internet for voters’ registration easily excludes people in areas without internet. Consideration needs to be given to the 100+ million Nigerians that although they have mobile phones, yet, many lack access to internet. One recommended option to manage this is by augmenting the process to include USSD feature, hereby enabling people to register via dialling a short code.

Multilingualism

It has been recorded that Nigeria has over 500 languages, with 4 dominant languages – Yoruba, English, Igbo, Hausa and Pidgin/English. Public communication, as a standard principle, should reflect this diversity. The country’s electoral commission, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and Civil Society need to produce visual and audio content in different languages.

Community Engagement

Continuous community engagement cannot be negotiated no matter how innovative the process introduced is. Effective community engagement is like a fire when it keeps burning, it continues to expand and impact different places. It literally starts with one person understanding the importance and process of voters registration; discussing with members of the family; members of the family taking that message to their various community and it continues to expand.

BtS Vol 1, Issue 13 | Africa-China Debt Relationship: A ticking time bomb

Sino-African relations predate the 21st century, but an increased focus on establishing long-term relationships began in 1996 when then-President, Jiang Zemin, assembled other Chinese dignitaries for bilateral dialogue across the continent. Since 1996, China’s involvement in Africa’s economy, trade, and infrastructure has grown exponentially. For context, the trade volume in 2000 was earmarked at $10.6bn; in 2019 the General Administration of Customs of the PRC valued the Multilateral Corporation at $192bn.

China has positioned itself as Africa’s biggest partner, with the most robust foreign aid programme under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The Chinese government offers investment in the continent through commercial, concessional loans and export credits. This unique foreign policy approach throughout the continent especially with infrastructural funding meets the needs of most Africans whereas the Chinese require less stringent requirements than other multilateral organisations like the IMF and World Bank demand.

Most development economists and policy analysts have raised concerns about the ballooning debts from Africa (China is estimated to hold 21% of African debt) plunging future governments and unborn generations to unserviceable debt. Politically, for Africa’s large voting bloc, China sees the region as a playground for testing its political ideology, the so-called “China Model” – where African countries can be relied on for support at the United Nations for China’s political agenda.

With context to the Chinese playbook and a looming debt trap, it is on this premise that StateCraft Inc. makes the following recommendations to African leaders:

Redefining Debt: The concept of debt around many African communities has negative connotations, but all debts must be tied to purpose. We see very frequently African governments take Chinese loans to fund recurrent expenses (facilitating the payment of salaries/wages or procurement of luxurious vehicles for cabinet), or ambitious infrastructure projects that have no immediate revenue generation model. African leaders, their ministers and advisers must begin to turn to domestic creditors in facilitating long-term financial projects.
Asset Collateral: As Africa’s largest creditor, China provides favourable terms for loans, but when debts are not repayable, lucrative assets are seized as collateral. Sri Lanka’s Hambantota port where China turned the debt to a 99-year lease is a cautionary tale to African leaders. Governments must ensure agreements are properly scrutinized and less lucrative assets are put up as collateral.
Debt Relief: With the COVID-19 pandemic and its damming impact on economies across the world, where revenue has shrunk, African governments must commence high-level negotiations on collective debt relief or debt restructuring.

BtS Vol 1, Issue 12: Communication: Citizens are Tired of “Hide and Seek” with Government

Richard Boeckel wrote in 1920 “the first requisite to being an elected President in this new age of publicity is to have a story of the kind that will appeal to the people, the second is to have the kind of a press organization that will get the story to them”.

One of the lessons we’ve learnt in governance consulting over the years is that people are calling for open leadership. They are tired of playing hide and seek with the government. From candidates running for office to Ministries, Department and Agencies and even advocacy groups, communication is now a two-way street. Just as governments need to hear from citizens, citizens also need to hear from their governments.

Here are a few things governments must note to enhance communications with the citizenry:

Storytelling: Turning those policies, press statements, reforms and agenda into stories are a priority for any government hoping to sustain meaningful interactions with today’s electorate. Most often, it is the best story that wins. Hence, the role of storytelling is important –telling it and re-telling it to every citizen in the language they best understand is part of the communication wheel.
Digital tools: Modern communication technologies have made it easier for citizens to speak directly to their leaders and vice versa. Elected representatives and appointed officials should establish an easy system for people to call or e-mail them directly, tweet at them, or leave comments on their Facebook pages. It’s not enough to open these channels, they should also have a foolproof response mechanism in place to encourage open feedback.
Accessible data: Government, Ministries, Department and Agencies produce essential data on almost everything, from unemployment trends and security threats to progress of local road repairs. Translating those stacks of report to easily digestible communication materials is a necessity. Citizens need to understand and measure the outcomes of governance decisions through the supporting data that is verifiable and easy to assimilate.
Crisis management: As with most complex situations governments have to manage, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to communicating during turnarounds. A government caught amidst a crisis must simultaneously convey a sense of balance to the populace in explaining what went wrong and confidence that they know how to correct it.
Monitoring and evaluation: It’s not just the constant flow of information that matters but ensuring communication activities achieve the intended outcomes. Here, government representatives must work closely with Communication Specialists to design structured, yet flexible M&E processes for reviewing the impact of the communication on the target audience.

Check out some interesting case studies on how StateCraft Inc. helps leaders at national and sub-national levels to develop healthy communication systems in different parts of the world.

Footnote

Richard Boeckel, “The Man with the Best Story Wins: Which Explains Why Pitiless Publicity Looms So Large in the Presidential Campaign,” Independent, May 22, 1920, 244–245.

BtS Vol 1, Issue 11: Ending the Rape Scourge in Africa

Worldwide, it is estimated that approximately 35% of women have faced some form of sexual harassment in their lifetime. Apart from the culture of the crime, rape is also one of the hardest crimes to prosecute. Sexual violence is not peculiar to Africa alone, in developed countries, the quality of investigation, access to evidence and impunity of perpetrators makes it increasingly difficult to prove. Nevertheless, African countries can do better in reducing rape if certain laws and policies are reviewed and thoroughly implemented. With the following African countries, South Africa (132.4), Botswana (92.9), Lesotho (82.7), Swaziland (77.5) making up the top four countries in the world with the highest rates of rape (number of incidents per 100,000 citizens), it calls for us to examine the deep, systematic dysfunction of African cultures and social norms that have not prevented and do not prevent sexual violence.

It is on this premise that StateCraft Inc. makes the following recommendations:

Defining rape and other sexual atrocities

It is difficult if not impossible to solve a problem that has not been defined. This makes it important for countries to come to a concession of what rape is. For example, in Algeria, Article 336 of the Penal Code states that rape is a punishable offence, but have left the court to define what rape is when faced with cases. The lack of a clear definition of rape in Algerian law has made it difficult for women to report the crime and seek legal remedies.

Re-educating the male child on consent

For so long, International development organisations and governments have focused on girl-child education, while this is laudable, it important to revisit our commitments to the boy child. Boys need to be re-educated on consent and move from perpetrators of these heinous crimes to protectors – intervening in the event of an assault. This is particularly important considering there have been cases of boys under the age of 15 committing rape crimes.

Strengthening the Legal Process

There have been instances were rape crimes against minors have been granted out of court settlement between the perpetrator(s) and victims’ families. Out-of-court settlement for rape crimes especially against a minor need to be revised because abusing a child of age 3, is not only a crime against the child or the family, but it is a crime against the State and such cases should not be settled out of court. In other instances, prisoners in jail are victims of rape by officers who make up the justice system. It is not surprising why less than 40% of women who experience sexual violence report these crimes. On the part of the police who are saddled with the responsibility of investigating these crimes, some are bribed and others extort influential families of victims. The police as a nexus between the victims and the courts, must increase the quality of their investigation and create a safe space for survivors. It is for this reason that a concrete system of accountability has to be implemented to ensure that cases like this do not continue in Africa.

The Role of the Community

African countries have a communal structure that connects families and neighbours. This is a strength that has not been maximized in the effort to combat rape. We need a collective effort to prevent rape that would involve each citizen taking actions to raise awareness to people within their network. As citizens, this is one of the steps we can take even as we expect the government to adopt stricter laws. More campaigns like the #ItStartsWithMe, convened by Tonye Cole in partnership with the Blavatnik School of Government, the University of Oxford and the Movement Against Rape & Sexual Violence (MARS-V) spearheaded by Her Excellency, Aisha Ummi El-Rufai of Kaduna State, should be supported.

BtS Vol 1, Issue 10: COVID-19 and the Politics of Vulnerability

While the Coronavirus pandemic remains a global challenge, there are certain groups that are particularly vulnerable to both the disease and its secondary social impact. Internally displaced persons are one such group, owing to their cramped living conditions, inadequate nutrition, poor health and sanitary practices, as well as the scarcity of reliable information about them and support structures.

Many African states have implemented lockdown measures which affect the subsistence of these IDPs and by extension, the societies which harbour them. In Nigeria for example, the transfer of Almajiri’s from one state to the other has been an issue of concern. In Sudan, the European Commission is creating measures to ensure internally displaced people camp have access to water to practice handwashing to avoid the spread of the virus.

The time is ripe for African leaders to exert political will and implement measures that effectively manage vulnerable minors in the society who are often victims of child soldiering, terrorism, traditional rituals, kidnapping and other vices.

Upon this premise, StateCraft Inc. makes the following recommendations:

Communication

Improved measures have to be introduced to strengthen communication supporting internally displaced people and ensure all relevant information gets to them. Civil societies can take a lead on this by using humanitarian service points already established in internally displaced people camps as sources of risk information, data banks and relief distribution centers.

Decongestion of shelters

Before moving to more long-term recommendations, there is an urgent need to address the crowding of shelters by re-adjusting sites for internally displaced people to decrease the risk of infection and community transmission. Schools and educational facilities which are momentarily closed can be explored as options to accommodate internally displaced people while permanent solutions are developed.

Solve poverty

The children scattered across the streets of many African cities armed with tattered bowls as they beg for alms share a common predicament: economic survival. Policies against child begging are suspended in vacuum without addressing the root cause of poverty. An organized system needs to be implemented to allow them to earn a minimum wage. In the case of Nigeria and the Al-majiris, the roadmap to achieving a breakthrough lies in integrating religious values with basic studies and technological/vocational empowerment to better equip the beneficiaries for success in the fast-paced world.

Society orientation and inclusiveness

Internally displaced people should be included in the national and local preparedness and response strategy of the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes ensuring their participation in the policy-making and implementation process. Since internally displaced people are typically citizens or habitual residents of a given State, it is also important to reorient the society and shift mental attitudes regarding IDPs as “one of them” to “one of us”. We must be reminded that violence and armed conflict have not ceased because of the Coronavirus pandemic. Hence, despite the need to restrict movements, people facing danger should be able to use internally displaced people camp as a coping mechanism.

Data collection

The success and failure of the recommended measures are hinged on the levels of data collection per country. A lot more can be done in documenting internally displaced people. Since they are not homogenous groups, their specific needs, capacities, mechanisms and vulnerabilities will differ depending on their age, gender, mental/physical health and personal circumstances. Hence, the information management surrounding IDPs needs modification for solutions that are better tailored to the needs of internally displaced people.

BtS Vol 1, Issue 9: What Nigeria must do to win the war on pandemics

The Coronavirus has been referred to as the invisible enemy and countries all over the world are implementing aggressive measures to attack the spread of the disease. In the spirit of dialogue and inspiring solution-driven conversations, Africa’s foremost governance and political consulting firm, StateCraft Inc., held another in its series of round-tables dubbed ‘Behind the State’.

This virtual edition explored the War on Pandemics, highlighting the role of policy, governance and the economy in tackling health crises. The lineup of speakers at the event included Mrs. Alero Ayida-Otobo, Founder Incubator Africa; Dr. Ola Orekunrin-Brown, Founder, Flying Doctors Nigeria; Hon. Seyi Adisa representing Afijio constituency in the Oyo State House of Assembly; Feyi Fawehinmi, an astute Accountant and Economic Analyst; Dr. Chinonso Egemba, an ardent Health Advocate; Dr. Chioma Nwakanma, Founder SMILE With Me Foundation; and Mr. Olaolu Osanyin, CEO Center for Medical Law Research and Development (CMLRD).

Here are some policy recommendations from the discussion:

Proactive healthcare

Having access to quality and affordable health care is necessary for the preservation of lives. With proper investment in the health sector, African states will be better prepared to combat pandemics of this kind. For this to be a reality, there needs to be new health policies across African states that are private sector-inclusive and fanatically funded to achieve self-reliance in this sector.

A national epidemic fund

A glaring loophole which has become evident with the outbreak is the funding gap in our health sector. Beyond making changes to our budgeting allocations, we recommend establishing a contingency fund for epidemic outbreaks. This will reduce the need to divert mass resources towards future incidents if preparations have been made beforehand. This will be funded from a percentage of the Federal health budget, as well as those of the various states. This reduces our dependency on foreign aid during such crises and eases access to funding for the various states.

Urgent revision of medical laws to accommodate health digitisation

The lockdowns and movement restrictions in most parts of the world has seen a corresponding increase in digital health solutions to bridge the doctor-patient divide. Nigeria is not left out of this wave, as telemedicine drives conversations in the country, such as the recently launched Eko Telemed initiative of the Lagos State Government. Issues arising from these technological advancements include:

• Data Privacy: One pertinent consequence of health digitization is the possible breach of patient confidentiality and user data. Stringent measures must be put in place to regulate the use of patient data and compel service providers to implement the highest levels of cybersecurity to protect such data. Punishments must also be stipulated for persons found guilty of such breaches.

• Practice Licensing: Practicing medicine through digital platforms requires the expertise of consultants who may be outside Nigerian jurisdiction. In the event of malpractice or negligence, the question of liability and capacity to practice in Nigeria arises. We recommend that State Governments put in place a means of vetting qualified personnel to practice telemedicine in Nigeria –such as an online exam-, whether physically based in the country, or offering expertise via telementoring.

Incentivise infrastructure solutions

To remove barriers of cost, access and user behaviour, the Federal Government must partner with the private sector in actualizing the National Broadband Plan. We recommend providing incentives to private investors similar to the Road Infrastructure Tax Credit Scheme in order to improve the quality and affordability of data for all Nigerians, because like roads, broadband is a critical component of any country’s infrastructure.

Fully open up health institutions

There is a tendency for people to overlook other ailments, thereby avoiding or delaying seeking treatment from healthcare facilities amidst the lockdown. It is important to get health facilities up and running as normal to prevent a large scale rise in other diseases. State-wide sanitations must commence immediately and routinely to disinfect hospitals and medical facilities within each state in order to allay fears of patients who require physically supervised medical care.

The full video from the round-table discussions is available on the StateCraft Inc. YouTube channel.

BtS Vol 1, Issue 8: Preparing for a Post-Covid-19 Africa

In the last months, the world has witnessed a shift which has influenced the entire understanding of economies, work structures, and communication as we knew it. In the midst of this, we have seen that the preservation of humanity is now the fulcrum of a struggle aimed at containing the coronavirus.

The coronavirus was discovered in Wuhan in December 2019 and on February 14, 2020, Africa recorded its first case. The efforts of African governments in reducing the spread of the virus is highly commendable with the imposition of lockdowns, establishment of isolation centres, distribution of relief materials and drawing on the expertise of the foreign health workers. To consolidate the efforts of these governments in building a healthy continent, StateCraft Inc. makes the following recommendations for a post-Covid Africa:

Proactive healthcare

Online education

Most schools across Africa have not integrated technology into their education system and they face a hard time in continuing learning syllabi amidst the lockdown. If the movement restrictions persist throughout the month, there could be a postponement of important exams. For example, the West African Examination Council (WAEC) holds exams across 16 West African countries each year. This exam does not have to be held at the same time or done manually. We propose making the West African Examination Council (WAEC) computer-based in order to encourage flexibility and improve students’ convenience and preparedness for the exam like the system for IELTS, Cambridge, GRE, GMAT, SAT and TOEFL.

International relations

The African Diaspora faces a dire situation because most countries -as expected- have their citizens as the priority before foreigners. Since many states in Africa are members of international organisations, it is expedient for these governments to capitalize on their memberships as mechanisms for relief distribution towards citizens in the diaspora. Through embassies and bilateral relations, governments can collate the statistics of its diasporan population to analyse the level and type of assistance needed.

Economic diversification

We have seen time and again that a mono-cultural economy does no good. This is why some African states are being affected by the fall in oil price. While this is not peculiar to only African states, it is important that the post-COVID-19 era maximises the digital economy. In the 21st century, a lot of revenue can be generated and transferred through digital channels. This requires not just policies on paper, but an outlined strategy that ensures each country’s human resources are equipped with skills to function optimally.

BTS Vol 1, Issue 7: Search for Security

Security is a global problem and as technology has improved migration, countries are collaborating to offer global solutions. Intercontinental solutions like International Police (Interpol) handle the worst cross-border crimes. Joint task forces handle policing at the regional level and in Africa, coalitions like the African Standby Force at the Africa Union intervene in continental disputes.

At the national level, we have the police forces and other security agencies who handle crime and insecurity at varying levels, yet security remains an issue plaguing many states. Combating banditry, kidnapping, abduction, human trafficking and all other vices that threaten peace, stability and even the profit margins of corporate entities have inspired countries in Africa to explore alternative paths to security. One of the most recent examples of this is the Western Nigeria Security Network (WNSN) codenamed Operation Amotekun (Leopard), created to curb insecurity in Nigeria’s South-West region.

Before adopting a regional approach to security on an overly optimistic assumption it will bring peace and reduce crime, here are few actions StateCraft Inc. recommends to regional blocs in African states:

Coordination

Many African countries simply inherited policing systems that were designed by colonialists to oppress citizens rather than protect their lives and secure their property. These security agencies must be overhauled and restructured to better serve the communities they are assigned to protect. A significant part of this restructuring will require the governments to clearly define the hierarchies of each policing agency and remove any overlaps and redundancies.

Having clearly delineated security agencies will allow them to collaborate more effectively and co-ordinate security efforts while maximizing effectiveness. It will also make it easier to pinpoint rogue security agents who misuse their power for personal gain, endangering the lives of citizens.

Fair share policies

As a response to the demands of the South West regional governing council to create a regional security group, the federal government called on the states to prepare a legal framework for that clearly outlines the duties and limitations of Amotekun. While this is the right move in decentralizing political power and encouraging more community-driven security solutions, the federal government should be prepared to accommodate demands from other regions in the country who will find motivation in Amotekun’s success take similar steps towards strengthening their local policing institutions. Of which, similar considerations are going on in the Niger Delta region with the Pan-Niger Delta Forum (PANDEF)

Keep the bigger picture in focus

The United Nations (UN) standard of policing says one policeman to 400 citizens, but Nigeria is said to have one policeman to 600. Community driven policing solutions like the Amotekun can be welcomed as an effective response to the shortage of manpower. In addition to this, if executed effectively, it can create a model for community policing in Nigeria where the 774 local governments provide police for themselves which has been considered over the years

Digitization

Creating a security outfit is not enough to effectively secure the state, African governments need to introduce digital solutions to their citizens to encourage community policing. This will include the use of USSD for citizens to report crimes, digitizing crime reporting and evidence submission procedures to save hours security personnel spend in collecting physical evidence before investigations begin. Of course, it might be impossible for all security officials to have the skills needed to implement these programmes, training some officers and equipping frontline officers with mobile-accessible digital toolkits will be the right start to digitalizing security.

The formula

While many African countries focus their efforts on policing, it would be more judicious use of scarce funds to improve the general standard of living for every citizen through welfare programs that subsidize education and target unemployment. By creating opportunities for gainful employment, African countries can de-emphasize crime as a viable alternative for survival.

BTS Vol 1, Issue 6: Counting the Cost of a Unified Currency

It is implied that with the creation of a single currency known as the Eco, governments will cede national political authority to ECOWAS institutions but how prepared are the member states for this?

Economically, have African states met the laid-out convergence criteria? The implementation of a new currency must never be undertaken hastily. The Greek debt crisis lingering from the adoption of the Euro in 2001 is a jarring reminder of this.

Lest we march full steam towards the adoption of a single currency based on an overly optimistic assumption Eco will be the ticket to West Africa’s prosperity, here are few actions StateCraft Inc. recommends to ECOWAS and its 15 member-countries:

Defining expectations

With the decision to keep the exchange rate of Eco pegged to the Euro, it has become necessary to weigh the expectation of ECOWAS, neocolonialism or real independence? Of which this was not part of the convergence criteria. This has provoked reactions among many countries, particularly the anglophone West African countries.

Diplomacy

The CFA used in Francophone member-states is still linked to the Euro. To meet the convergence criteria, they have to be de-link and the 50 per cent deposit of foreign reserves as colonial taxes to the French Central Bank needs to stop. For this to happen, African states would need to apply a high level of diplomacy and negotiation with France.

Fiscal pool for crisis management

Now there are limited fiscal capacities to deal with asymmetric shocks. We have seen from the US that this can be done without permanent budget transfers or debt mutualization. States in the US can draw from the supplementary unemployment scheme or rainy-day fund (budget stabilization funds) to see them through a crisis period.

Anchor currency

For this currency to be actualized, an anchor currency is needed like the German Deutsche. Currently, Nigeria’s Naira is being considered because of its political importance and economic size but the country’s currency still faces challenges due to inflation. Besides, there is little appetite for the Naira in the international community. Hence, ECOWAS really needs to consider what currency will be used as an anchor for the Eco.

Grassroots engagement

No government ever goes wrong when it closely collaborates with the people. The Danish, British, and Swedish decisions to retain national currencies over the Euro came out of public pressure “opposing” the adoption of the latter. Relevant governments in the region must listen closely, engage deeply and act based on the desires of their various constituents.

BtS Vol 1, Issue 5: Evaluating Nigeria’s Latest Visa on Arrival Policy

Where is the United State of Africa that the founding fathers of the Organization for African Union (OAU) conceived? Almost half a century later, the movement of people between African states remains restricted. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), Africans require a visa to travel to 49% of other African countries; they can get visas on arrival from only 26% of states, and they do not need visas for 25% of African states.

This year, there has been a restriction to movement across Africa following the closure of borders in Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan and Kenya but things may be looking up with Nigeria set to roll out its Visa on Arrival policy at the start of 2020. This policy will eliminate the waiting period still required when applying for a Nigerian visa as well as eliminate the need to send travel documents for stamping.

Watch now: Evaluating Nigeria’s Lastest Visa on Arrival Policy

To further optimize the impact of this policy, the government must consider a few things.

Automation

An automated system for managing wait time at the point of entry will reduce the negative impact of rent-seekers as well as rule out avoidable queues. Perhaps, after the successful implementation of this policy, the government can begin to consider how to make it a 100 percent online activity, thereby eliminating any delay upon entry.

Communication

An extended communication strategy to ensure news about the policy travels far and wide and reaches the target audience. This can be done by working in partnership with Nigerian embassies in other countries to disseminate information to foreigners.

Diversification

A policy like this has the possibility of increasing entry into Nigeria, and consequently, boost tourism revenue. As such, the government must invest the necessary resources to making as many possible parts of the country tourist-friendly, thereby attracting investors into the country.

Security

It’s one thing to open our country up to investors, but other measures are required to ensure we have the capacity to sieve out the hoodlums from other countries that may want to misuse this policy. This may explain the Senate’s hesitation to adopt the policy. Therefore, Nigerian security agencies need to work in close partnership with other African countries on intelligence sharing to ensure the policy does not become an enabler for criminal activities.

Road to AfCFTA

Free movement supports free trade. This simple fact seems to have been overlooked thus far. While the AfCFTA does not embed visa on arrival in its provisions, we opine that a proper implementation of this policy in Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia and the adoption across African can further increase the chances of successful implementation of the AfCFTA, and the long term, the actualization of a single African passport, a matter that has been in consideration since 2013.

123

We strive to provide individuals with disabilities equal access to our website.
If you would like information about this content we will be happy to work with you.
Please email us at RED Accessibility

The full video from the round-table discussions is available on the StateCraft Inc. YouTube channel.

Watch now: Evaluating Nigeria’s Lastest Visa on Arrival Policy

Follow me on Twitter